从存在主义视角看《萨勒姆女巫》中主人公的身份重建

Assumed Personality and Authenticity in The Crucible——Identity Reconstruction from Existentialism

《萨勒姆女巫》是一部因个人过失在混乱的世界中丧失身份进而在更高层次上实现道德升华、重建主体人格的平民悲剧。该剧体现了作者对人的存在的深度伦理关怀和道德启谕。笔者根据萨特"自由本体论"的相关概念,结合对《萨》剧主人公主客体人格变迁的研究,着重阐释三方面的主题:人客体化存在的必然性;普罗克托在人格统一性自欺和真诚之间的挣扎;普罗克托重建主体人格所承载的道德启谕。

The Crucible is a tragedy of a common man who loses his identity in a moral disorder and finally re- constructs his identity by subliming his morality. The play fully reflects Arthur Miller＇s philosophical consideration of human＇s existence. Based on Sartre＇s ＂Ontology of Freedom＂ and the investigation of the transformation of char- acter＇s identity, this paper explores the three themes： inevitability of human＇s objective existence; conflict betweenthe character＇s assumed personality and authenticity; the moral enlightenment from the character~ identity -recon- struction. The paper finally demonstrates that The Crucible is a classic of human existence and moral enlightenment.