重金属Cu、Zn污染对小麦旗叶生理及产量的影响

Effects of Heavy Metals Cu, Zn Pollution on Yield and Physiological of Wheat Flag Leaves

为明确Cu、Zn污染对小麦生长发育影响,从而为小麦优质高效、安全生产提供理论指导,以分别添加铜盐和锌盐模拟污染土壤的盆栽试验,研究了‘晋麦96’灌浆期旗叶的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数、保护酶活性和产量及产量构成。结果表明:开花后Cu、Zn各处理间SPAD值均呈先升后降的趋势,低浓度Cu、Zn处理有利于提高叶绿素含量,延缓叶片衰老进程。Cu、Zn以100 mg/kg处理在灌浆后期光化学活性较强,受伤程度较小,高于100 mg/kg不利于维持小麦叶片细胞膜稳定性,适宜的Cu、Zn含量可以延缓小麦旗叶细胞的脂膜过氧化作用和衰老进程。从拔节期到灌浆期各处理小麦旗叶CAT含量均呈先升后降的趋势,Cu、Zn均以100 mg/kg处理CAT活性最高;Cu、Zn处理对株高影响较小,且均以100 mg/kg处理产量最高分别达12.86 g、12.17 g。

The study aims to clarify the effects of Cu and Zn pollution on growth of wheat, and providetheoretical guidance for the wheat production of high quality, efficiency and safety. By adding copper and zincsalts, the author carried out a pot experiment and studied chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyllcontent, protective enzyme and yield in wheat leaves during filling stage of‘Jinmai96＇. Results showed thatSPAD values of Cu and Zn treatments first increased and then decreased in blooming stage. Low concentrationsof Cu and Zn treatments could increase chlorophyll content and delay senescence process. In late groutingstage, 100 mg/kg of Cu and Zn treatments had strong photochemistry activity and caused lesser injury;treatments higher than 100 mg/kg were not conducive to the maintenance of cell membrane stability in wheatleaves, suitable Cu and Zn could delay membrane peroxidation and cell aging process of wheat flag leaf lipid.CAT content of flag leaves of wheat first increased and then decreased from jointing to filling stage. 100 mg/kgof Cu and Zn had the highest CAT activity. Plant height was less affected by Cu and Zn. 100 mg/kg of Cu andZn had the highest yield of 12.86 g and 12.17 g, respectively.