德国高中数学教育标准的特点及启示

Characteristics and Enlightenment of Mathematics Education Standard for Senior High Schools in Germany

2012年底德国颁布《高中数学教育标准》,构建一个包括数学核心能力、能力水平、数学核心思想以及课程分层的四维度模型。核心能力由数学论证,数学地解决问题,数学建模,数学表达的应用,数学符号、公式及技巧的熟练掌握以及数学交流六大部分组成,与初中数学能力要求紧密衔接。标准提出对算法与数、测量、空间与形状、函数关系以及数据与随机现象五大核心思想的要求,淡化具体的内容标准。另外,首次将高中毕业文凭考试标准纳入教育标准,保证教学内容与考试内容的相容性,强调考试对于数学能力水平的评价与诊断功能。

In Germany, the mathematics education standard was issued at the end of 2012. It includes one four-dimensional competences model which consists of six core competences, three levels of competence, five core mathematics big ideas and two kinds of courses. The six core competences comprise mathematical argument, problem solving mathematically, mathematical modelling, use of mathematical representation, manipulation of mathematics with symbols, formulas and tools and mathematical communication. These correspond with mathematics competences of junior high school. The standard emphasizes big ideas which include algorithm and number, measurement, space and form, functional relationship, data and random, rather than mathematics content. In addition, within the education standard the standard of Abitur was integrated. The design of Abitur examination is based on evaluating and diagnosing students＇ mathematics competence level.