论明清时期芍陂的水事纠纷及其治理

Discuss Water Disputes and Governance about Quebei Water Conservancy Project in Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清两代,芍陂地区频发水事纠纷,纠纷的类型主要有占垦芍陂纠纷、河源阻坝纠纷、拦沟筑坝纠纷、盗决塘埂纠纷、罾网张?纠纷五种。芍陂多元化水事纠纷的产生,与芍陂水生态环境负向变迁、行政区划与水利边界的矛盾、经济利益的冲突不无关系。针对芍陂多种水事纠纷的不同情况,明清地方官府和民间社会通过修复芍陂、加强芍陂管理、制定芍陂水利规约,以及行政会商调解、行政裁决和处罚、诉讼、立碑示禁等多种方式,本着尊重历史、恢复原状、利益均沾、区别对待的原则,构建起了较为有效的水事纠纷治理机制,一定程度上缓和乃至解决了芍陂水事矛盾冲突,对当地经济社会的稳定与发展,产生了积极意义。

In Ming and Qing dynasties,water disputes happens frequently in Quebei region,the types of which are occupying and reclaiming Quebei,damming in the river source,damming up the river,excavating dam and fishery cases.The emergence of diversified disputes in Quebei is related with the negative changes of Quebei aquatic environment,the contradictions about administrative division and water conservancy boundary and economic interest conflicts.According to different conditions of Quebei water disputes,Ming and Qing governments and masses started system governance through a variety of ways,such as repairing Quebei,strengthening Quebei management,formulating water project protocol,as well as administrative consultation mediation,administrative adjudication and punishment,litigation,made a show in the stele,in line with respect history,restorable,the benefits,the principle of discrimination,to build up a more effective governance mechanism of the water disputes,to some extent mitigated and even solved Quebei water conflict,on the stability and development of local economy and society,has a positive effects.