城市内交通公平的测度及其空间分异

The Measurement Method and Spatial Differentiation of Urban Transport Equity

在分析交通公平内涵的基础上,考虑交通区位、交通方式与出行群体的差异,构建城市交通公平空间分析的测度指标,基于GIS建立了不同交通方式可达性与空间均衡度、不同群体交通公平状况的测度方法。选取昆明市不同交通区位的52个住宅小区为例,采集实际数据利用GIS获取交通公平的空间分异特征。结果表明:所建立的可达性、交通方式可达性指数、交通方式出行量区位熵三个测度指标,能够有效表征交通公平的空间分异;公交可达性差异是造成不同收入等级群体交通公平分异的重要影响因素;昆明市三环外圈层利用公交出行的群体是遭受交通不公平最为严重的出行群体。

Precise recognition of urban transport equity spatial differentiation features is the precondition for transport equity improvement. Based on explaining the connotation of transport equity, the measurement indexes for urban transport equity spatial analysis were proposed considering traffic location, transport mode and travel group difference.The measurement methods of accessibility and spatial balance degree of different transport modes, and transport equity of different groups were also proposed based on GIS. 52 residential communities were chose considering different traffic location in Kunming, and the transport equity spatial differentiation feature was obtained based on GIS with real data.Results indicate that the three measurement indexes included accessibility, transport mode accessibility index and trips location entropy could represent transport equity spatial differentiation feature effectively; the difference of bus accessibility was the great influence factor for transport equity spatial differentiation between difference income grade groups; the bus trip group in the area which outside of third ring road in Kunming has to suffer the most seriously transport inequity.