基于铁路距离的环渤海铁矿石中转港腹地划分

A Rail Distance Based Measurement for Urban Hinterland Area of the Iron Ore Transshipment Port in the Bohai Rim Region

选取港口硬件水平、港口矿石吞吐量、港口城市发展水平和港口矿石转运潜力等一级指标,使用因子分析法对各港口的铁矿石转运影响力进行了评价,根据铁路路网使用Arc GIS计算了环渤海三省两市各县区与最近港口之间的铁路距离及其对应的距离摩擦系数,最后根据哈夫模型分析了各港口的腹地范围划分和影响势能空间分布格局。从铁矿石转运方面看,铁矿石转运主要集中于青岛、日照、唐山和天津四港;从铁矿石转运角度划分出各港口的腹地中天津港腹地面积最大,营口港和青岛港的次之,日照港和唐山港的较小,而大连港的最小。从各港口影响势能的空间分布格局来看,环渤海三省两市可以划分为"极强区"、"较强区"、"中等区"和"较弱区"四类,其中"极强区"和"较强区"两类区域共74个县区约10.97万km2的范围内较为适宜钢铁生产企业布局。本文的研究为环渤海主要港口和钢铁产业发展的合理规划以及钢铁生产企业的空间布局优化提供了理论依据和参考。

In recent years, the iron ore dependence on foreign of the steel industry continues to improve in the Bohai rim region, how to use imported iron ore conveniently and economically has become an important factor affecting the estate planning and enterprise layout of the steel industry. The level of hardware ports, ports ore throughput, the port city of level of development and the potential ore transporters were chose to evaluate the influence of iron ore transshipment ports based on the factor analysis method. Then the distance between every county and the nearest port and its corresponding distance coefficient of friction according to railway networks based on the Arc GIS. Finally, the hinterland area and the influence potential spatial distribution pattern were measured using the Huff model. The iron ore transport was mainly concentrated in Qingdao, Rizhao, Tianjin, and Tangshan; the descending order according to the hinterland area was Tianjin, Yingkou, Qingdao, Rizhao, Tangshan and Dalian. The Bohai Rim region could be divided to ＂very strong area＂, ＂strong area＂, ＂middle area＂ and ＂weak areas＂ according to the influence potential, and 74 counties（about109.70 thousand km2） that were belong to the ＂very strong area＂ or ＂strong area＂ were more appropriate for the steel enterprise layout. This study provides a theoretical support and reference for the rational planning of the iron ore transshipment ports and the steel industry and the spatial layout optimization of the steel enterprise.