维吾尔药蜀葵花挥发油成分及其抗菌抗氧化活性研究

Study on composition,antibiotic activity and antioxidant activity of volatile oils from uyghur medicine Althaea rosea

蜀葵花为锦葵科蜀葵属植物蜀葵Althaea rosea的干燥花,据记载不仅可以外敷消肿,还有润肺止咳、发汗平喘、消肿透疹、安神益心等功效,是维药中常用药材之一。目前针对蜀葵花有效成分研究甚少,尚无其挥发油化学成分及药理活性研究的文献报道。该文采用化学蒸馏萃取的方法,提取了蜀葵花挥发油;利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分离和鉴定;利用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了其对自由基的抗氧化活性,并通过滤纸扩散法检测了该挥发油的抑菌活性。实验结果显示,蜀葵花挥发油中含有近70种化合物,其化学成分较为复杂,且每种物质的含量均较低,主要为一些芳香族和脂肪族化合物及其衍生物。蜀葵花具有较强的抗氧化活性,对常见的菌种也具有很明显的抑菌效果,具有较广的抗菌谱。结果表明天然维药蜀葵花挥发油在医药、食品、化妆品等工业上将具有良好的应用价值,并为开发天然维药蜀葵花资源提供了重要的科学依据。

Althaea rosea is a type of mallow plant. Its dry flowers are one of common herb in Uyghur medicines and recorded to have several efficacies such as external application for detumescence, moistening lung and arresting cough, sweating and relieving asthma, diminishing swelling and promoting eruption, soothing the nerves and strengthening heart. However, there are only fewer studies on ef- fective components of A. rosea and no literature about its volatile oil and pharmacological activity. In this paper, the volatile oil of A. rosea was obtained by using the chemical distillation and extraction method. The individual chemical components were separated from the volatile oil and identified by the Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer technique （GC-MS）. The antioxidant activity against free radicals was detected by the＇ ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer method. The antibiotic activity was detected by the filter paper diffusion method. The experimental results showed nearly 70 compounds in the volatile oil, with complex chemical components. With a low content, most of the compounds were aromatic and aliphatic compounds and their derivatives. A. rosea had a better antibiotic activ- ity for common microorganisms, with a wide antibacterial spectrum. According to the results, the volatile oil of A. rosea will have a good application value in medicine, food and cosmetic industries, which provided a scientific basis for the development of natural A. rosea resources.