中国鲤科鱼类外寄生车轮虫多样性及区系分布研究

Diversity and Flora Distribution of Trichodinids from Cyprinidae Fishes in China

通过对重庆、四川、湖北、湖南、云南、江苏、浙江、江西、甘肃等地区进行了广泛的鱼类寄生虫学调查,结合国内先前的研究资料,对我国鲤科鱼类外寄生车轮虫的多样性及区系分布开展了相关研究.结果表明:15种鲤科鱼类发现感染了隶属于车轮虫科三属的车轮虫共计39种;基于我国淡水鱼类种类及区系分布特点,其中鲫、鲤、青鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙是感染种类最多的寄主鱼.养殖鲤科鱼类较野生鱼类其外寄生车轮虫的多样性相对丰富;而在养殖鲤科鱼类中,广泛且高密度养殖的鲤科鱼则表现出更为丰富的外寄生车轮虫的多样性;并且外寄生车轮虫多样性与鲤科鱼类的区系分布具有显著的相关性.

By use of the parasitological survey in Chongqing,Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Yunnan,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Gansu et al.,and in combination with the previous research achievements,aprobe was made into the diversity and flora distribution of ectoparasitic trichodinids on Cyprinidae fishes.The research result was that fifteen Cyprinidae fishes were found to be parasitized by thirty-nine trichodinid species subjected to three genera in the family of Trichodinidae.Based on the distribution characteristics of freshwater fishes in China,host fishes like Carassius auratus,Cyprinus carpio,Mylopharyngodon piceus,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis were the most parasitized by trichodinids in all the Cyprinidae fishes.The result indicated that when compared with the wild Cyprinidae fishes,the diversity of trichodinids from the cultural ones was relatively abundant,and among those cultural Cyprinidae fishes,fishes which were cultured widely and in high density were found to be of a much more abundant diversity.Besides,the diversity of ectoparasitic trichodinids was markedly related to the flora distribution of Cyprinidae fishes in China.