洞庭湖区血吸虫的中间宿主——钉螺对气象因子的响应

Research on the response of the intermediate host—snail to the meteorological factors in Dongting Lake area

目的探讨气象因子对洞庭湖区血吸虫的中间宿主——钉螺的影响,为控制和消灭钉螺提供科学依据。方法采用线性趋势和相关分析方法,分析钉螺的变化趋势及与气象因子的关系。结果 1988-2012年洞庭湖区尚有钉螺总面积呈显著增加的趋势,增加速率为24 543.4 km2/10a,且以为垸外增加为主。近25年随着洞庭湖区气候变暖变干,尚有钉螺总面积有扩大的趋势。气候变暖导致钉螺和日本血吸虫在钉螺内生长发育季节均延长,生长发育期内积温呈增加趋势。暴雨洪涝和高洪水位导致钉螺扩散,面积增大。长时间连续性的极端干旱事件导致钉螺面积减小,而极端雨雪冰冻天气导致钉螺死亡率高。结论气象因子对洞庭湖区钉螺面积、生长发育等产生明显影响。

Objecfive To discuss the influence of the meteorological factors on the the intermediate host—snail in Dongting Lake area so as to provide basis for controlling and eliminating snails.Methods Based on the linear trend and correlation analysis method,the trend of snails and the relationship with meteorological factors were analyzed.Results Area of snails in Dongting Lake area significantly increased at a rate of about 24 543.4km2/10 a from 1988 to 2012,the increase was mainly outside the emban km ent。With the climate becoming warmer and drier in this area in the past 25 years,the total area of snails had a tendency to expand.Warmer climate led the growth season of the snail and schistosome be prolonged,and the accumulated temperature of growth period increased as well.While storms,floods and high flood level led the increase of snail area.Long duration of continuous extreme drought reduced the area of snail,while extreme freezing and snowy climate led the increase of snail mortality.Prolonged continious extreme drought reduced the area of snail,while extreme freezing weather led to high mortality of snails.Conclusion Meteorological factors have obvious influence on the area and growth of snail in Dongting Lake area.