华中某市居民住宅室内外PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)日变化规律及防护建议

Daily change patterns of indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentration in Central China city residences and protection suggestions

目的了解冬季住宅室内、外PM2.5和PM10浓度日变化规律,指导居民日常防护。方法在灰霾严重的冬季,对华中某市区3个居民住宅室内、外PM2.5和PM10浓度连续监测5 d,绘制出日变化曲线图。结果 PM2.5和PM10浓度日变化呈现一高峰两小峰形态,高峰时段出现在早晨6：00~9：00,两小峰在中午12：00~14：00和傍晚17：00~19：00;室内、外PM2.5和PM10浓度均超过国家环境空气质量二级标准,但室内浓度显著低于室外（P〈0.01）。结论老人和儿童冬季应减少户外运动或选择适宜时段;患有心血管、呼吸系统疾病及长期从事户外工作的人群,在灰霾天气外出尽量戴上合适有效的口罩;居民应尽可能改善室内空气质量。

Objective To investigate the indoor and outdoor PM2.5and PM10 daily change patterns during the winter,and provide suggestions and instructions for protection to the public.Methods In winter during severe haze,we monitored the indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5and PM10 in three Central China city residences for five days and drew a daily change curve.Results The curve of daily changes in PM2.5and PM10 concentration showed one high peak and two smaller peaks.The high peak was between 6： 00 and 9： 00 A.M.The two small peaks were between 12： 00 and 2： 00 P.M.and between 5： 00 and 7： 00 P.M.PM2.5and PM10 concentrations exceeded the national ambient air quality standard（second grade） .The indoor concentration was significantly lower than that of the outdoor concentration（P〈0.01）.Conclusions During the winter,the elderly and children should reduce outdoor activity time,or choose an appropriate time.People with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases,and outdoor workers should wear appropriate and effective masks during days with severe haze.Residents should actively take measures to improve their indoor air quality.