我国优秀女子短跑运动员蒋兰步态特征分析

Gait Characteristics Analysis of Jiang Lan, a Chinese Elite Woman Sprinter

目的:通过对我国优秀女子短跑运动员蒋兰短跑的生物力学分析,为教练员和运动员提高女子短跑训练效果提供参考。方法:采用视频资料法及运动解析法,计算下肢运动学数据,对备战第12届全运会中所测数据进行横向和纵向比较。结果:前后比较,蒋兰100 m步频从4.64 step/s增至4.69 step/s,而步长从1.82 m增加到1.85 m;200 m步频从4.42 step/s增至4.48 step/s,步长从1.89 m提高到1.91 m。在途中跑下肢着地瞬间,髋关节角度明显减小,而膝关节和踝关节则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:通过专项力量与技术动作的训练与改进,步长增加的同时,步频也增加;步长的改变是人体跑动过程的综合性体现,而非单关节力量或运动结构的变化;步态参数变异性程度可能大于步长改变所带来的差异。

Objective： The aim of this study is to provide reference for coaches and athletes to improve the training effect of women sprinters through the biomechanical analysis of Jiang Lan, a Chinese elite woman sprinter. Method： The lower extremity kinematic data obtained by means of video data and motion analysis were compared with those collected in the preparation for the National Games horizontally and longitudinally. Result： In 100 m, Jiang Lan＇s step frequency increased from 4.64 step / s to 4.69 step / s and the step length increased from 1.82 m to 1.85 m. In 200 m, step frequency increased from 4.42 step / s to 4.48 step / s and step length increased from 1.89 m to 1.91 m. The hip joint angle decreased significantly at the moment of foot landing. But no significant change was found in knee and ankle joints（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Through the training and improvement of specific strength and technical movements, stride frequency increases along with step length. The change of step length is due to the comprehensive result of human body＇s running process, and not just the changes of joint force or movement structure. The variability of gait parameters may greater than that of the step length change.