荷兰少数族群政策初探

A Study of Dutch Ethnic Minorities Policy

战后移民的持续到来迫使荷兰放弃"非移民国家"观念,承认移民永久化。1983年,荷兰出台少数族群政策,开始系统地处理外来移民问题。少数族群政策的主要对象是外来移民构成的少数族群,内容涉及社会经济、政治法律和文化三个方面,旨在保持少数族群文化认同的同时促进他们融入荷兰社会,带有明显的多元文化主义特征。由于荷兰经济低迷,少数族群政策的成效差强人意。从上世纪80年代后期开始,荷兰少数族群社会经济隔离状况日益显露,反移民情绪高涨,少数族群政策面临严峻挑战。

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Dutch government was forced to forfeit the notion of ＂non-immigrant country＂ and recognize the perpetuation of immigrants, because more and more immigrants kept entering the country. In 1983, the government implemented an ethnic minority policy, which covered the legal-political, socio-economic and cultural domains. It aimed to integrate the ethnic minorities to the mainstream society without sacrificing their own cultural identification. This policy bore obvious characteristics of multiculturalism, but it was not really successful due to the national economic downturn. Because the social-economic segregation of minorities and the rise of anti-immigrant sentiments in this country have been increasingly severe, the policy has been challenged since the late 1980s.