以色列犹太人内部的边缘族群:东方犹太人

Orientals: A Peripheral Ethnic Group of Israeli Jews

现代以色列是一个移民国家,众多来源地的犹太人因文化背景的不同和社会地位的差异形成泾渭分明的两大族群:阿什肯纳兹人和东方犹太人。东方犹太人是犹太复国主义运动的被动参与者,建国初他们在巩固领土安全的民族目标下被政府安置在地处边疆的发展城镇中,由此造成其在犹太人内部被边缘化的处境。社会生活中的受挫感和在下层劳动力市场与阿拉伯人的就业竞争是东方犹太人反阿拉伯意识强烈的主要原因。他们高举宗教的旗帜,在族群认同的基础上进行政治动员,试图以扩大政治权利分享的途径提高和改善不利的社会处境和地位。

Modem Israel, an immigrant country, where Jews from different countries are divided into two distinct ethnics, that is, Ashkenazim and Orientals, due to their different cultural backgrounds and social status. Oriental Jews are passive participants in the Zionist movement. When the country was founded, they were allocated in the developing towns in the frontier area under the national aim of consolidating territory safety in 1950s, which reduced them to the peripheral ethnic group in Israeli Jews. Their strong sentiments of anti - Arabs mainly spring from their frustration in Israel society and their competition with Arabs at the bottom of labor market. By holding high the religion banner, Orientals make political mobilization on the basis of ethnic identity in order to improve their disadvantageous social status through the expansion of their political rights.