北京市大兴区土壤养分空间结构及影响因素分析

Analysis on Spatial Structure and Influence Factor of Soil Nutrients in Daxing District of Beijing

为了揭示土壤养分的空间分布特征和指导土壤培肥管理,以北京市大兴区为例,首先基于地统计学和GIS技术对大兴区土壤养分进行空间克里格插值和模糊隶属度函数模型标准化处理;其次利用主成分分析方法获取了大兴区土壤养分的空间结构,即全氮、碱解氮、有机质、有效磷和速效钾所占空间比例分别为0.32,0.25,0.23,0.03,0.17;最后对土壤养分空间结构的影响因素进行了系统分析。研究表明:大兴区土壤中氮含量最高,有机质含量较高,钾含量较低,磷含量极低,整体上大兴区土壤养分高值区主要分布在东北部,低值区主要分布在西南部和中部区域;主要与大兴区土壤类型、质地、农户土地利用方式和施肥结构等密切相关。

In order to reveal the spatial distribution o{ soil nutrients and guide soil fertility management, Dax- ing District of Beijing was chosen as the case. Firstly, space Kriging interpolation and fuzzy membership function model standardization of soil nutrients were implemented based on geostatistics and GIS technology. Secondly, the spatial structure of soil nutrients in Daxing District was obtained by principal component analy- sis method, and the occupied space proportions of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, organic mat- ter, available phosphorus and available potassium were 0.32, 0.25, 0.23, 0.03, 0.17, respectively. The in- fluence factors of spatial structure of soil nutrients were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the contents of nitrogen, organic matter, potassium and phosphorus in the soils of Daxing District were highest, high, low and lowest levels, respectively. Overall, high values of soil nutrients mainly distributed in the northeast and low values mainly located in the southwestern and central region of Daxing District, and it was primarily related to soil types and textures, land uses, and farmers fertilize structures in Daxing District.