土地功能调控与生态政绩考核研究——以华阳河湖群地区为例

Study on Land Function Regulation and Ecological Performance Evaluation System of Huayang Lake Group

科学的政绩观、土地功能的优化调控,是协调资源保护与利用、促进区域可持续发展的重要途径之一。以华阳河湖群地区为例,基于遥感解译、GIS和"三生"土地分类法、土地利用转移矩阵法和重心转移法探索了县域以下尺度主体功能区土地功能调控和生态政绩考核方法。结果表明:1)1990—2010年华阳河湖群地区生态用地比例减少,生活用地稳定,生产用地增加;2)由重心模型得到各类用地空间变化情况,滩涂地重心向下仓镇移动;3)限制开发区和优化开发区生态用地比例符合区域功能定位;4)基于乡镇尺度主体功能区的结构和三生用地分布及其比例关系,确立了各乡镇生态政绩考核标准和生态补偿方案,建立了生态政绩考核体系。基于三生用地分类的土地功能调控以及生态政绩考核体系建立,具有数据便于得到、可操作性强的特点,为县域以下尺度主体功能区划的落实提供了一种途径,也尝试对"协调资源综合利用与保护矛盾"的理论思路和实践途径进行了探讨。

This study aims at exploring the methods to regulate the land function and evaluate the ecological performance of major function oriented zones at sub-country scale. Huangyang Lake Group was taken as the study area and the employed methods include remote sensing image interpretation, land use classification, land use transfer matrix and gravity center model. The results showed that： 1） the proportions of land used for ecological purposes, residence and production decreased, stabilized and increased, respectively, in Huay- ang Lake Group area from 1990 to 2010, the main changes were the conversion of lake to cultivated land, inland tidal flats, reservoir pits and construction land; 2） gravity model showed the sharpened imbalance of the spatial distributions of forestland, grassland and reservoir, and the gradually increased imbalance of the spatial distributions of inland tidal flats, construction land and farmland; 3） the proportions of the ecological land of restricted and optimized development zones met the requirements, the ecological land of prohibited development zone needed to be improved; 4） the proportions of the ecological land of most towns had been decreasing, especially Gaoling and Chengling; 5） the ecological performance evaluation weights of prohibi- ted, restricted, key and optimized development zones were 1, 0.8, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. In conclusion, the land regulation based on ecological, living and production land classification and ecological performance evaluation system at town levels provided a reference for implementing major function oriented zoning at sub- county scales. However, the implementation of the land function regulation of major function oriented zones requires the coordination of government departments. The indexes and weights of ecological performance evaluation system need further investigations.