中老年人社区高血压及合并慢性病患者血压控制情况调查

Investingation on Prevalence and Control Rate of Hyperension in Middle-age and Elderly and Patients with Chronic Diseases in Community

目的调查社区中老年居民高血压患病情况及合并慢性病患者的血压控制情况,为完善社区高血压综合防治措施提供思路。方法采取随机整群抽样调查方法,对北京市某社区50岁及以上本市户籍居民605人进行调查,采用t检验、χ2检验、秩和检验及秩相关等分析方法进行统计学处理。结果该社区605人中发现高血压患者256例,患病率为42.3%;高血压患者中血压达标151例(58.9%),血压不达标105例(41.1%);未患高血压349例,当日测量血压高于正常值者49例(14.1%)。合并慢性病的高血压患者血压达标率依次为脑卒中17.8%,冠心病40.8%,糖尿病43.2%,高胆固醇血症56.9%,血脂异常56.9%。数据分析显示,年龄增大、体质指数上升、有高血压家族史、合并脑卒中、糖尿病和血脂异常等慢性病是高血压患病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论该社区部分高血压患者血压尚未控制到目标水平,合并慢性病的高血压患者血压达标率低,应引起社区高血压防治工作的足够重视。社区卫生服务应针对中老年人群的特点和生活习惯,采取综合性高血压防治措施,加强随诊和监测血压,使血压达到目标水平,减轻心血管疾病风险,提高中老年人的生活质量。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and control rate of hypertension, and related risk factors for hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents and patients with chronic diseases in a community in Beijing, and to provide comprehensive mea- sures for preventing and controlling the disease.METHODS The cluster random sampling was taken to recruit 605 residents aged 50 years old or above from a community of Beijing. The questionnaire survey was conducted, and the SPSS 17.0 Software was used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 256 hypertension patients were involved in our study and the prevalence of hypertension was 42.3% in this people. 151（58.9%）had controlled hypertension and 105（41.1%） had uncontrolled hypertension. Among the 349 non-hy- pertensive individuls, 49（14.1%） had the day blood pressure with upper limit of normal. The control rate of hypertension combined with chronic disease, such as stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal lipid metabolism, was 17.8%, 40.8%, 43.2%, 56.9%, 56.9%, respectively. Stasitics analysis of data showed that the risk factors for hypertension includ- ed the increase of age, BMI, family history of hypertension, compl.ication of stroke, ischemic ophthalmopathy, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION The middle aged and elderly residents in community have high risk of hypertension. More than a half of hypertension patients did not reach therapeutic goals and continue to be at high risk of cardiovascular events. There is a need to take several comprehensive measures , which based on the characteristics of the middle aged and elderly people and their lifehabits, to make the blood pressure well-controlled in the community residents and improve the quality of life.