苹果新品种‘中秋王’生物学特性研究

Study on the Biological Characteristics of New Apple Cultivar‘Zhongqiuwang'

为明确优质中熟苹果新品种‘中秋王’的生物学特性，于2014年在河北省内丘县侯家庄乡岗底村调查研究了该品种的生长、结果情况。结果表明：栽植第4年的‘中秋王’平均树高248．3cm，平均干用15．9cm。萌芽率47．98％。全树短梢数量最多，占新梢总量的77．34％；中梢和长梢分别占总量的7．57％、15．09％。长、中、短新梢上叶片的平均叶面积分别为47．40、32．38、23．75cm2；叶绿素a含量分别为4．71、2．81、2．97mg／cm2，叶绿素b含量分别为1．49、0．83、1．43mg／cm2，总叶绿素含量分别为6．20、3．65、4．40rag／era2。‘中秋王’开花物候期从3月下旬开始，至4月中旬结柬。花冠直径4．9cm，每花序中平均花朵数5．09，每朵花平均花药数18．90，每枚花药中平均花粉粒数15152粒。花序坐果率64．22％，花朵坐果率25．31％。果实于8月下旬到9月上旬成熟。果实平均纵横径分别为8．96cm和9．09cm。平均单果重为196．4g。果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、淀粉含量分别为14．02％～14．80％、13．269／6～13．56％、0．21％～0．25％、0．16％～0．20％。果实硬度为7．20～7．84kg／cm2。

In order to determine the biological characteristics of high quality mid- maturing new apple cultivar ‘Zhongqiuwang＇,the growth and fruiting characteristics of this cultivar were studied in Gang＆ village, Houjiazhuang township, Neiqiu County, Hebei Province in 2014. The results showed that the average tree height of ‘Zhongqiuwang＇was 248. 3 cm,average trunk girth was 15. 9 cm. Sprouting rate was 47. 98%. The amount of short shoots was the largest, accounting for 77. 34% of the total amount of shoots, medium and long shoots account for 7. 57% and 15. 09%respectively. The average leaf areas in long,medium and short shoots were 47. 40 cm2 ,32. 38 cm2 ,23. 75 cm2 respectively;the chlorophyll a content were 4. 71 mg/cm2 , 2. 81 mg/cm2, 2. 97 mg/cmz respectively, the chlorophyll b content were 1.49 mg/cm2 ,0. 83 mg/cm2 , 1.43 mg/cm2 respectively, total chlorophyll content were 6. 20 mg/cm2, 3. 65 mg/cm2, 4. 40 mg/cm2. The blooming phenophase of ‘Zhongqiuwang＇in 2014 started from late March,and ended in the middle of April. The corolla diameter of ‘Zhongqiuwang＇ was 4. 9 cm, the average number of flowers in each inflorescence was 5. 09,the average number of each flowers’anther was 18. 90, the average number of pollen grains in each anther was 15 152. ‘Zhongqiuwang＇inflorescence fruit setting rate was 64. 22%, flower fruit setting rate was 25. 31%. The fruit ripening date of‘Zhongqiuwang＇ was from late August to early September in 2014. The average fruit vertical and horizontal diameters were 8. 96 cm and 9. 09 cm respectively, the average fruit weight was 196. 4 g. The contents of soluble solids,soluble sugar, titratable acid and starch were 14. 02% - 14. 80%, 13. 26%- 13. 56%, 0. 21%- 0. 25%, 0. 16%-0. 20% respectively. The hardness of the fruit was 7. 20-7. 84 kg/cm2.