新疆西昆仑山天然林木区系特征

Study on the Flora of Forest Trees of West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang

通过野外实地考察和形态分类学的方法，对新疆西昆仑山的天然林木进行了系统的调查研究，并对其区系组成及特点进行分析。结果表明：新疆西昆仑山属于干旱山区，天然林木有17科25属54种，其中该区新记录有6种。该植物区系中，林木科、属的丰富度相对较高，但种类较少，各科仅含1～3属，无含10种以上的大科；杨柳科与蔷薇科为较大科，含5属16种。单属科与含2～5种的寡种科均为11科，所占比例均达64．71％；单种属与寡种属二者共计24属含47种，占该区植物属、种总数的96．00％和87．04％；它们构成该天然林木区系科、属的主要组成部分，也说明该区域自然环境比较恶劣，多数的科与属仅有1种或者少量种分布于此。该区天然林木种类不多，但多数是该植物区系的优势种或建群种，在局部区域常形成单一或复合优势群落。区系的地理成分较为简单，共有5个分布型和4个变型，具明显的温带性质，与地中海、西亚、中亚区系有一定联系，而与东亚交流很少。

Investigated the forest trees of West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang by the field investigation and morphological taxonomy, the flora composition and features were analyzed. The results showed that the West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang was arid mountains,there were 17 families,25 genus,and 54 species including 6 kinds of new records in West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang. In the flora, the richness of genus was big,but had only few species, there were 1--3 genus in every family and few large families,only Salicaceae and Rosaceae was bigger families（5 generas and 16 species）. While the single genus and minor-genus of families were both 11 families and as high as 64. 71%, minor-species genera and single-species genera were up to 24 genus including 47 species,occupying 96. 00% and 87. 04% of the total number of generas and species separately in the region. They were a major component of plants of the genus and family and showed the natural conditions was very harsh and only 1 species of most families and genus distribute in this area. The species of forest trees was few, but most of them were establisher and dominance in this region, forming a obvious a single or composite community. Flofistic element with obvious temperate characteristics had 5 distribution types and 4 variants, having a certain link with the Mediterranea,West Asia and Central Asia area,while they were rare connection with Eest Asia.