果麦间作模式下小麦叶锈病田间消长规律及药剂防治试验

The Occurrence Regularity of Wheat Leaf Rust in Field of Fruit Tree-Wheat Intercropping Mode and Control Efficacy of Several Fungicides to Wheat Leaf Rust

【目的】通过对核桃小麦间作田、红枣小麦间作田及小麦单作田小麦叶锈病田间发生规律及田间药效试验研究,探讨果粮间作模式下小麦叶锈病的发生危害特点,筛选对小麦叶锈病防治效果较好的化学药剂及合理的使用方法。【方法】选取有代表性的核桃小麦间作田、红枣小麦间作田和小麦单作田,定点定期调查小麦叶锈病的发生危害情况;药效试验参照小麦叶锈病田间药效试验准则进行。【结果】小麦叶锈病在不同间作模式下始发生期及田间消长规律基本一致,始见期在5月中下旬,病情指数在小麦生长期内呈现上升趋势。不同年份叶锈病发生危害程度差异较大。核桃小麦间作田、红枣小麦间作田及小麦单作田小麦叶锈病的发生危害程度有一定的差异,枣麦间作麦田小麦叶锈病病情指数最高,其次是小麦单作田。药剂试验表明,药后10 d,25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂、250 g/L丙环唑乳油、250 g/L已唑醇悬浮剂和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油在试验浓度下的防治效果均在76%以上,显著高于10%苯醚菌酯悬浮剂和25%乙嘧酚水悬浮剂。【结论】基本摸清了核桃小麦间作、红枣小麦间作模式下小麦叶锈病的田间发生规律及与小麦单作田的差异性。筛选出的25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂、250 g/L丙环唑乳油、250 g/L已唑醇悬浮剂和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油在试验浓度下可有效控制小麦叶锈病的发生及危害,且对小麦生长安全,可在大田合理轮换使用。

【Objective】Through the research on the occurrence regularity of wheat leaf rust of walnut-wheat,jujube-wheat intercropping and wheat monocropping,we discussed the effects of fruit tree-wheat in-tercropping mode on wheat leaf rust. Through screening fungicides,the wheat leaf rust can be effectively controlled.【Method】By means of regular fixed-point investigation method,the disease index of wheat leaf rust in three modes was investigated. 6 kinds of fungicides were tested by spraying them on the diseased plants in field experiments.【Result】The occurrence regularity of wheat leaf rust of fruit tree-wheat intercropping and wheat monocropping was basically consistent. The disease index of wheat leaf rust of jujube-wheat intercropping was higher than that of walnut-wheat intercropping and wheat monocropping. The disease index of wheat leaf rust of wheat monocropping was higher than that of walnut-wheat intercropping. The control efficacy of25% triadimefon,25% propiconazole,25% hexaconazole and 40% flusilazole at the experimental concentration were higher than 10% ZJ0712 and 25% ethirimol. 【Conclusion】The occurrence regularity of wheat leaf rust of fruit tree-wheat intercropping and wheat monocropping was basically consistent. 25% triadimefon,25% propiconazole,25% hexaconazole and 40% flusilazole were all quite effective to control wheat leaf rust and safe to the growth of wheat,and could be applied alternately in wheat production in the field.