高温气冷堆复合联合循环特性研究

Study on Compound Combined Cycle of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor

高温气冷堆具有900~1 000℃的出口温度,其能量转换系统可采用回热循环和联合循环而具有较高的效率。然而,回热循环对回热器回热度的要求较高,而联合循环的反应堆入口温度较低,不利于循环效率的提高。为进一步提高循环效率,本文提出了一种复合联合循环方案,分析了预冷器和回热器对复合循环效率的影响,并与回热和联合循环进行了比较。结果表明,当反应堆出口温度为950℃、回热器回热度为0.95时,不设置预冷器的复合循环效率可达54.2%。随回热器回热度的增大,不设置预冷器时的复合循环与设置预冷器时的效率差由1.7%逐渐减小。比较回热、联合和复合3种循环方案发现,提高透平总的做功能力较减小压气机功耗更有利于效率的提高。当反应堆出口温度为900-1 200℃时,复合循环的最佳效率较回热循环高3.6%-4.0%,较联合循环高1.9%-2.7%;当反应堆入口温度存在限值且高于500-550℃时,复合循环具有最高的效率。

The high temperature gas‐cooled reactor （HTR） has high reactor outlet tem‐perature of 900‐1 000 ℃ and high cycle efficiency when combined with energy conversion systems of regenerative cycle and combined cycle . However , the regenerative cycle requires a high regenerator effectiveness .In the combined cycle ,the reactor inlet tem‐perature is so low that it hinders the further improvement of cycle efficiency .To further improve cycle efficiency ,a compound cycle of HTR was proposed .The effects of pre‐cooler and regenerator on the compound cycle efficiency were analyzed . The results show that w hen the reactor outlet temperature is 950 ℃ and the regenerator effective‐ness is 0.95 ,the efficiency of the compound cycle without precooler reaches 54.2% . The efficiency difference between the compound cycles without precooler and with pre‐cooler drops from 1.7% with the increase of the regenerator effectiveness .The compari‐son of the regenerative ,the combined and the compound cycles suggests that it is a more effective way to improve efficiency by increasing the total work production of the tur‐bines than by decreasing the compression work of the compressor .When the reactor outlet temperature ranges from 900 ℃ to 1 200 ℃ ,the optimum efficiency of the com‐pound cycle is 3.6%‐4.0% higher than that of the regenerative cycle and 1.9%‐2.7%higher than that of the combined cycle .When the limit of the reactor inlet temperature is higher than 500‐550 ℃ ,the compound cycle has the highest efficiency .