手控双相式正负压力泵系列装置的研制与应用

Development and application of hand-controlled positive/negative pressure pump system

目的：研制适用于各类灾害群体性综合救护的手控双相式正负压力泵系列装置,并评价其应用效果。方法：该装置由手泵和救生袋组成。泵体以高分子医用塑材制作,原理仿左心泵血的舒缩功能;救生袋采用医用防粘塑料制成,运用流体静力压原理,内含胸腔闭式引流袋、自体血回收袋、体液收集袋等多功能综合救护装置与手泵组合对接。效果评价应用健康比格犬建立严重多发伤、胸腹联合伤、上呼吸道梗阻窒息模型,随机分为市售器材组（A组,n=6）、自制器材组（B组,n=6）,对比观察2组胸腔引流的操作时间、性能及应用效果。结果：B组的准备时间明显短于A组,A组需2-3 min,而B组仅用了30 s;A组成活率为50%（3/6）,B组成活率为100%（6/6）。结论：该自制手控双相式正负压力泵系列装置可快速提供随意性的正负压力,满足负压吸引、加压输血、闭式引流、喷淋洗消等需求,可快速用于开展现场综合性救护。

Objective To develop and evaluate a hand-controlled positive/negative pressure pump system for comprehensive treatment in disaster relief. Methods The pump system was composed of a hand pump and rescue bags. The pump made of medical high-molecule plastic had the functions similar to left heart to relax and contract. The rescue bags of medical antisticking plastic made use of the principle of hydrostatic pressure, which integrated thoracic closed drainage bag, autoblood collection bag, body fluid collection bag and etc. Totally 12 healthy Beagle dogs were used to establish models for severe multiple injury, thoracoabdominal injury as well as upper respiratory tract obstruction and asphyxia,which were divided equally and randomly into group A with commercial device and group B with self-developed pump system. The two groups were compared for the operation time, performances and efficacy of thoracic drainage. Results Group B had the preparation time of 30 s, obviously less than the one from 2 to 3 min in group A. The survival rate in group A was 50%, while that in group B was 100%. Conclusion The pump system can generate negative or positive pressure freely for negative pressure aspiration, pressurized blood transfusion, closed drainage, decontamination and etc,and thus can be used for field comprehensive rescue.