论持有型犯罪的“附加条件”

On the Attached Conditions for Possession Crimes in Chinese Criminal Law

我国刑法立法与司法实务对持有型犯罪的认定,在持有事实之外,还附加设置了诸如"不能说明来源的"、"没有证据证明持有物品构成其他犯罪的"等责任追究条件。将这种"附加条件"理解为一种"正常的工作程序"、"证明责任倒置规则",或者理解为"拒不说明来源与用途"的不作为,是理论诠释上的一种歧途。"附加条件"实质是追诉关联犯罪的过程中可能出现的一种程序性客观情势,被立法化为持有型犯罪成立的实体条件,起到拟制持有行为非法性根据的作用,与持有事实一起构成持有型犯罪的事实原态。由此,"附加条件"并不"附加"。

Each possession crime in Chinese criminal law includes an implicit or explicit attached condition,for example, ' refusing to state their origins or use' or ' no sufficient evidences on illegally possessed contraband's origins or use'.It is an astray to study them from procedural law's view,especially wrong to deduce from them rules of evidence on burden of proof inverted or transferred,and to regard it as a substantial action.Its nature is a possible condition that fails to research where special goods possessed by suspect or defendant were in a criminal procedure,and it is legislated as a necessary condition of Possession crime.Based on it,possession can be presumed as an illegal one. 'Attached condition and possession' consist of a illegal possession crime in China's criminal law.It is a true element of possession crime.