公共治理中的民粹倾向及其法治出路——以PX项目争议为样本

Populism Tendency in Public Governance and Its Legal Resolutions:On the Example of Conflicts by the PX Programs

以PX项目争议为代表的公共事件显示出当下公共治理中存在比较突出的民粹倾向,对合理考量具体项目进退、提升民众的公共参与能力与政府的公共治理能力、增进社会整体利益均带来了严重妨害。长期以来政府对封闭式经济决策模式的路径依赖、专业化与组织化公共参与机制的缺失、利益复杂和分化格局下法治共识缺失,是民粹倾向愈演愈烈的根由。应基于公私融合的客观背景,重构符合公共治理实践需要的法治共识,以强化政府担当为核心重塑政府公信力。应完善政府决策的立法,加强对规划制定及变更、规划环评的法律监管,重点完善既有法律规范中的公众参与和信息公开制度,引入并加强社会稳定风险评估、应急治理与纠纷解决等制度,合理应对民粹倾向及行动,促进公共治理的科学、民主与法治。

The public events referring to the conflicts in the PX programs demonstrate that the obvious populism tendency exists in the public governance,which is harmful to decide whether to enforce an industry program or not,to improve the ability of public participating by people and public governing by governments,and to increase the social whole interest.The reasons include:the governments' path dependence on the closed decision making model,the absence of professional and organized public participation,and the absence of the common sense of the rule of law under the background of the complicate and structured social interest framework.We should reconstruct the common sense of the rule of law to meet with the needs of the public governance practice,improve the legislatures of public decisions,strengthen the legal regulations on the making and rectifying public plans and environmental impact assessment on public plans,especially improve public participation and information publicity of the existed laws,and introduce and strengthen the systems including risk assessment on social stability,emergency governance and dispute resolving,so as to deal with the populism tendency and behaviors appropriately,and to promote the public governance to be more scientific,democratic and meet with the rule of law.