欧洲医药、生物技术领域不可专利客体的演变及启示

Evolutions and Suggestions of Non-patentable Subject Matters in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology in Europe

我国关于医药、生物技术领域不可专利客体的规定与《欧洲专利公约》第53条如出一辙。然而,近些年来,欧洲专利局通过狭义解释第53条,极大限缩了该条款的适用范围,这是欧洲为了发展经济,在综合考虑社会和经济因素后作出的理智选择。通过详细分析欧洲专利局的具体做法、动因及结果,认为,在我国域内创新活跃的领域,也应狭义解释不可专利客体,发挥专利法本应具有的功能。

The rules about non-patentable subject matters in our country are very similar to Article 53 of European Patent Convention. However, for these years, European Patent Office limited the application scopes of this clause through narrowly-defined interpretations. It is a rational choice after comprehensive considerations of social and economic elements to improve the economical developments. By detailed analysis of Specific practices, motivations and results, we proposed that basic functions of patent law should be brought into play in the field with good activities of inside innovation, and narrowly-defined non-patentable subject matters.