粮田流转的约束与释放:自“三个平衡式”观察

Constraints and Releases of the Grain Field Circulation: Viewing from the“Three Balances” Formula

解释我国纯粹粮田自愿流转进展不快这一现象,应将转入户、转出户、国家这三个利益主体参与流转的动因与约束条件厘清,并建立具有相互逻辑联系的分析新框架,即三个平衡式:转出户为实现收入最大化,以减少粮田和粮食收入换取增加非粮收入;转入户为实现收入最大化,以减少非粮收入换取增加粮田和粮食收入;国家为保障粮食安全,控制粮田总面积不减少。三者的逻辑联系是:自愿的流转是双方在粮田总面积不减少约束下自由交易的最优均衡。由于粮食的比较利益普遍低于非粮商品,且粮田流转又受到总面积不变的条件约束,造成粮田转出的动力普遍大于转入的动力,导致较小的潜在需求,成为制约粮田流转的瓶颈。

To interpret the slow progress of pure grainfield circulation on a voluntary basis, it＇s necessary to clarify the motivations and restraint conditions of three interested parties, i.e., acquirers, transferors and the state, and to establish a new analytical framework constituted by three logically-associated equilibrium formulas： transferors try to maximize their revenue by reducing grainfield and grain revenue for non-grain revenue; acquirers try to maximize their revenue by reducing non-grain revenue for grainficld and grain revenue; the state takes it as one of its tasks to control the total area of grainfields and ensure food security. The logical relations among the three can be thus described as below： Voluntary circulation is an optimal equilibrium of free trade engaged in by both parties under the restraint of no reduction of total grainfield area. Given that the comparative advantages of grains are generally lower than those of non-grain goods and that grainfield circulation is subject to the restraint of no reduction of total grainfield area, the motivation of grainfield transfer is generally stronger than that of grainfield acquisition, and, as a result of such non-equilibrium, a relatively low potential demand has become the bottleneck restraining grainfield circulation.