微生物遗传多样性的挖掘和代谢工程应用

Exploration of the genetic diversity of microbial strains for metabolic engineering

随着近年来系统生物学研究的深入,微生物的基因组、转录组、蛋白组及代谢组等不同层次的组学信息不断增加。我国具有丰富的微生物多样性,但目前对多样性的研究大多集中在物种多样性及生态多样性方面,对微生物菌株水平遗传多样性的研究还刚刚起步。以酿酒酵母和链霉菌为例,结合本课题组的成果,总结了近年来利用其基因组序列及转录组蛋白质等功能基因组信息,开发利用其遗传多样性的研究进展。在工业酿酒酵母中发现了多个独特的功能基因,包括絮凝基因及与环境胁迫耐性相关的调节蛋白基因,还发现了独特的启动子序列。此外,在海洋放线菌基因组中也发现了独特的调节基因。对微生物遗传多样性的挖掘利用,不仅有助于深入理解微生物不同菌株中独特的调节方式,也为微生物的代谢工程改造提供了大量新的可利用的遗传组件。

With the in-depth studies of systems bology,multi-omics（ genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics andmetabolomics） data is increasingly emerging. It has been well studied and accepted that there is a vast diversity of microorganisms in China,however,so far most studies focus on the species diversity and its ecological implication,there is still few studies focusing on the genetic diversity of microorganisms. In this review,brewing yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and streptomycetes were used as examples,and research progress in the exploration of the genetic diversity of genes responsible for yeast flocculation and stress tolerance,as well as special promoter sequence in industrial yeast strains was summarized. In addition,the effect of regulatory protein identified from marine actinobacteria on heterologous antibiotic production was also presented. Exploration and utilization of the genetic diversity of microorganisms provides basis for not only the understanding of specific regulatory mode in different strains of microorganisms,but also the metabolic engineering of microorganisms using diverse genetic elements.