黄河河相关系一个突出的特点及其机理初探

A prominent characteristic of hydraulic geometry relation in Yellow River and its preliminary study

通过分析实测资料,得到黄河中游吴堡站、下游柳园口站及高村以下所有河段均存在"在同一流量下,过水面积接近相等"的现象,这是黄河河相关系中一个非常重要的特点,但其物理意义目前尚不清晰。引入"在输沙平衡状态下河床相对稳定,其相对可动性最小"的假定,结合水流连续方程、运动方程和输沙平衡方程,通过求解河相要素,得到以悬移质造床为主时水深—河宽比率关系式,进而从理论角度初步解释了上述河相特征的内在机理。该河相关系特征并非表现在黄河所有河段中,而只能存在于以悬移质运动为主、同时悬沙沉降处于过渡状态的河段中。

This study explores a phenomenon in geohydrology where＂the cross section area of a river is ap-proximately equal at the same discharge.＂This state exists in Wubao, Liuyuankou and downstream from Gaocun inChina, and is a prominent characteristic of Yellow River hydrology. Unfortunately, its physical implications are notwell understood. This paper considers the relationship between river depth and width, and suspended load transport.Our theoretical analysis uses the equation of continuity of flow, equation of motion of flow, and the equilibrium equa-tion of sediment transportation, together with the assumption the＂the relative mobility of the bed is the minimumwhen the sediment transports balance.＂Moreover, the hydrological characteristic mentioned above is not presentthroughout the Yellow River. It appears to only exist in the areas suspended loads and where settlement occurs dur-ing transition.