试论中国法律语言心理学体系的构建

On the Construction of the System for Chinese Forensic Psycholinguistics

法律语言心理学是运用心理学的研究方法,对法律活动中的语言现象进行心理学分析的新兴的边缘学科,具有跨学科的多学科性质。在中国古代文化中就有法律语言心理学思想的文字表述和研究实践。在西方则肇始于19世纪末的欧洲社会,敏斯特伯格和卡特尔等人开拓了这个领域的先驱性研究。二战后,法律语言心理学的中心转向美国,通过法律心理学研究和心理学研究方法的使用推动了法律语言心理学的研究和实践。法律语言心理学的研究对象是立法、司法、守法和违法等法律活动中的语言行为,其任务是研究意识层面和无意识层面的法律语言行为。建立法律语言心理学体系必须从立法语言心理学、司法语言心理学和执法、守法、普法等语言心理学的视角开展研究,才能创立一门跨学科的、有实践应用价值的新兴学科。

Forensic psycholinguistics is an emerging interdisciplinary subject that makes use of the psychological methods to analyze the linguistic phenomenon in legal activities and therefore it has the multi and cross-disciplinary nature.In ancient Chinese culture there were writing expressions with thoughts of forensic psycholinguistics and its practices.In the Western countries the research started from European societies at the end of 19 th century when Munsterberg and Cartell and some others acted as the pioneers of the domain.After the WW II the research center of forensic psycholinguistics gradually moved to the United States where the research of legal psychology and the use of psychological methods greatly facilitate the study and practices of forensic psycholinguistics.Its study object is the linguistic behavior in such legal activities as legislation,judicial,the obeying of the law and transgression,and its task should be the research on the behavior of the legal language in both levels of consciousness and unconsciousness.The construction of the system for forensic psycholinguistics should start from the perspectives of linguistic psychology of legislation,judicial,the enforcement and obeying of the law and the franco-prussian so that a cross-cultural emerging subject with its values of practical application could be created.