关系密切程度以及思维方式和决策风格对风险偏好的影响

Effects of Relationship Closeness,Thinking Mode and Decision Style on Risk Preference

研究目的:探讨救援决策者与被救援者的关系密切程度以及思维方式与决策风格对风险偏好的影响。研究方法:实验一采用3(关系密切程度:高、中、低)×2(思维方式:直觉性、分析性)两因素混合实验设计,被试68名;实验二采用3(关系密切程度:高、中、低)×2(思维方式:直觉性、分析性)×2(决策风格:直觉型、分析型)三因素混合实验设计,被试93名。研究结果:(1)救援决策者与被救援者的关系密切程度越高,风险偏好越高;(2)直觉性和分析性思维方式之间的风险偏好无显著差异;(3)直觉型决策风格的风险偏好显著高于分析型;(4)关系密切程度与思维方式的交互作用显著,具体而言,采用直觉性思维方式时,关系密切程度的效应显著,关系密切程度越高,风险偏好越高;采用分析性思维方式时,关系密切程度的效应不显著。结论:直觉与风险偏好的关系更密切。面对关系亲密的被救援者,决策者采用直觉性思维方式时的风险偏好较高。

The purpose of the present study is to explore and compare the effects of intuition and deliberation on decision-making risk preference under different conditions of relationship type in emergency situations.The study consists of two experiments,and 68 and 93participants are recruited for experiments 1and 2respectively.A3（relationship closeness：high,medial and low）×2（thinking mode：intuition and deliberation）mixed design is adopted in experiment 1,and a 3（relationship closeness：high,medial and low）× 2（thinking mode：intuition and deliberation）×2（decision style：intuitive and deliberative）mixed design in experiment 2.The main findings are：（1）The more close the relationship is,the higher the risk preference is.（2）There are no significant differences in decision-making risk preference between the two modes of thought（intuition and deliberation）.（3）Intuitive participants reveal higher risk preference than deliberative ones.（4）The interaction of thinking mode and relationship type is significant,and it further suggests that relationship type has a significant effect with intuition rather than with deliberation.In conclusion,intuition and deliberation affects decision-making risk preference under different conditions of relationship type in emergency situations.