论刑事被害人国家补偿程序机制的具体构建

On the Construction of the Criminal Victim State Compensation Procedure Systems

我国正在酝酿中的刑事被害人国家补偿法应当对其程序机制作出具体、合理的规定。刑事被害人国家补偿的主管机关适宜由各级人民法院内部设立的刑事被害人国家补偿审议委员会来担任,并由审理相应刑事诉讼案件的第一审人民法院作为刑事被害人国家补偿案件的管辖法院。符合国家补偿条件的刑事被害人或者其遗属自造成被害人重伤、死亡的刑事案件起诉到人民法院并被受理之日起有权申请国家补偿,时效期间宜规定为两年。人民法院刑事被害人国家补偿审议委员会处理补偿案件,应当实行＂书面审查为主,组织听证为辅＂的原则,补偿或者不予补偿的决定一经作出,立即生效。此外,还应当具体设立申请人申诉制度、错误决定救济制度、提前补偿制度、国家追偿制度以及补偿金返还制度。

The criminal victim state compensation law which is being planned in China should include its specific, reasonable procedure systems. The competent authorities of the criminal victim state compensation should be the Review Committee for Criminal Victim State Compensation set up in the people＇s courts at all levels. The court of jurisdiction of the criminal victim state compensation cases shall be the people＇s court which acts as the first trial of corresponding criminal cases. The criminal victim in accordance with the state compensation conditions or his survivors may, from the date of the criminal litigation case being accepted by the people＇s court, apply for state compensation, and the limitation period shall be two years. The Review Committee for Criminal Victim State Compensation shall follow the principle of ＂the written examination as the main way and the hearing procedure as the supplementary way＂. Once the compensation or no compensation decision is made, it will take effect immediately. In addition, the appeal system, the relief system for wrong decision, the advance compensation system, the national recourse system and the compensation refund system should also be specifically set up.