神农架大九湖湿地植物群落调查与生态保护研究

Plant Community Survey and Ecological Protection of Dajiuhu Wetlands in Shennongjia Area

大九湖湿地是华中地区少有的亚热带高山湿地,近代以来,由于人类活动干扰的增强,该湿地被严重破坏。2012年7月,详细调查了"大九湖湿地保护与恢复及公园建设工程"实施后植物组成及群落特点,通过对47个样方的调查,在研究区内记录高等维管植物46科83属98种,分析了植物群落优势物种组成及其生境特点。结果表明,目前大九湖湿地的优势物种为阿齐薹草(Carex argyi)、地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis)、灯心草(Juncus effuses)、紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)和泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre)等,优势种部分为组成草甸的主要物种;与2000年相比,该湿地植物物种数增加了74种,主要为禾本科、蔷薇科、菊科、蓼科、豆科植物等;依据植物群落样方调查的物种组成和生境土壤特征,将研究区植被划分为6种类型:湿生泥炭沼泽、湿生草本沼泽、退化半湿生沼泽、湿生-中生草甸、中生-旱生草甸、旱生草甸;退耕还草、还泽政策产生了很大效果,研究区生态破坏基本得到控制,但同时人工湖泊和中生-旱生草甸面积的增加对该湿地的自然生态恢复不利。

Dajiuhu wetlands are rare in the central area of subtropical alpine. Due to the enhancement of modern human activities, the ecological environment of the wetlands is under destruction and the research on the natural conservation is urgent. Based on the detailed survey on the 47 representative plots, this paper reports the detailed survey and research on the plant species composition and community characteristics of Dajiuhu wetlands after the implementation of ＂Dajiuhu wetland protection and ecological restoration project＂. Dajiuhu wetlands had 98 species of higher vascular plants within 46 families and 83 genera in 2012. Detailed analysis on the community dominant species composition and habitat characteristics demonstrated that Dajiuhu wetlands had that the current dominant plant species in the Dajiuhu wetlands were Carex argyi, Sanguisorba officinalis, Juncus effusus, Festuca rubra and Sphagnum palustre, most of which belonged to the main part of the species composition of meadow; compared with that in 2000, the number of plant species in the Dajiuhu wetlands had increased 74 species, most of which were from Gramineae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, Leguminosae etc.; according to the features of plant species composition and soils, 6 types were obtained including hygrophyte peat bogs, hygrophyte herbaceous marshes, degraded semi-hygrophyte marshes, hygrophyte- mesophyte meadow, moderate-xeric meadow, and xeric meadow; the policy of returning farmland to grassland and wetland has produced great roles on the eco-restoration of peat bog ecosystem and ecological damage in the study area has been basically under control, but at the same time the increasing of artificial lakes and xeric meadow area was adverse to the wetland ecological restoration.