美国儿童家庭寄养制度的变革与借鉴——基于自由主义与国家干预主义的福利辨析

The Evolution and Inspiration of Child Foster Care in the U.S.—Based on the Analysis of Liberalism and State Interventionism

美国是世界上最早开展家庭寄养的国家之一,可以追溯到18世纪的殖民时代。在三个多世纪的发展历程中,美国儿童家庭寄养制度在"自由主义"与"国家干预主义"两种价值取向交织下不断向前发展,国家与社会的福利供给角色也不断发生改变。发展至今,形成了以永久家庭安置为核心的政府主导、社会强制报告、专业社工服务为一体的家庭寄养体系,在"自由"与"干预"之间实现了平衡,为我国在适度普惠儿童福利背景下,从政府主导、保护主体多元化、提供预防服务方面建设完善困境儿童救助与家庭支持福利制度给予了有益启示。

Over more than three centuries,child foster care in the U.S. has undergone a twisting development between liberalism and interventionism. The role of the child welfare provision between the state and society was also changing. Up to today,the American child foster care has formed a ＂family-cored＂comprehensive system with government leading,social mandatory reporting and professional social work services,realizing balance between liberalism and intervention. It enlightens us on the construction of vulnerable children assist and family support system in the background of moderate child welfare in China.