2014年云南番茄、辣椒上番茄斑萎病毒属病毒与传毒蓟马的发生特点

Occurrence characteristics of Tospoviruses and thrips vectors on tomato and pepper of Yunnan in 2014

【目的】了解云南地区番茄、辣椒上番茄斑萎病毒属病毒(Tospoviruses)与传毒蓟马的发生特点,为有效监测与防控Tospoviruses引起的斑萎病及传毒蓟马的发生流行提供理论指导和技术支撑。【方法】采用定点调查法,对云南Tospoviruses常发重灾区泸西和晋宁地区番茄、辣椒上的Tospoviruses及传毒蓟马的发生特点进行调查。【结果】2014年,泸西番茄、辣椒上斑萎病发病率和传毒蓟马种群数量均于7月7日达最高值,分别为16%、66%和1418、822头/100株。晋宁地区番茄、辣椒斑萎病发病较重,7月12日发病率达最高,分别为76%和80%,番茄上传毒蓟马种群数量在6月21日达最高峰,百株虫量为896头,辣椒在7月12日达最高峰,百株虫量为696头。经室内ELISA及分子检测,Tospoviruses种类鉴定为TSWV、TZSV;传毒蓟马种类鉴定为西花蓟马、花蓟马及棕榈蓟马,西花蓟马为绝对优势种。【结论】2014年云南泸西、晋宁等地番茄、辣椒上Tospoviruses引起的斑萎病及传毒蓟马危害严重,选择抗性品种是有效控制Tospoviruses发生流行的方法之一。针对Tospoviruses及传毒蓟马的发生特点,合理采用农业、生物、物理、化学防治等综合技术措施,才能保证蔬菜产业的健康发展。

[Objective]The occurrence characteristics of Tospoviruses and thrips vectors on tomato and pepper in Yunnan were studied to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for effectively controlling the prevalence of tospovirus disease and the thrips vectors. 【Method】Based on the located observations and investigations, the occurrence characteristics of Tospovirus diseases and thrips vectors on tomato and pepper in Luxi and Jinning City were studied in2014. 【Result】The results showed that the incidence of Tospovirus disease（16%, 66%） and the number of thrips vector on tomato and pepper（1418 and 822 per hundred plants） reached the highest values on July 7 in Luxi City. The incidence of Tospovirus disease on tomato（76%） and pepper（80%） reached the highest values on July 12 in Jinning City, and the number of thrips vector reached the highest values on June 21 and July 7. The amount of thrips per hundred plants was 896 and 696 on tomato and pepper, respectively. By Elisa and molecular detection, TSWV and TZSV were identified in the laboratory. F. occidentalis, F. bispinosa and T. palmi were identified as the thrips vectors, and F. occidentalis was the dominant species in both tomato and pepper fields in the two cities. 【Conclusion】Tospovirus disease and thrips vectors have caused significant losses in tomato and pepper production of Luxi and Jinning City in2014. Selecting resistant varieties is one of the effective ways to control the Tospovirus disease. According to their corresponding occurrence characteristics, Tospovirus and thrips vectors should be controlled reasonably using agricultural prevention methods, biological prevention methods, trapping control methods, chemical control methods, and other comprehensive measures to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of vegetable production industry.