紫色象草在我国南方地区的种植表现

Plant performance of Pennisetum purpureum Schumab cv.Purple in southern region of China

【目的】研究紫色象草（Pennisetum purpureum Schumab cv.Purple）的产量、品质特性及适应性,为其新品种审定及饲草开发提供参考依据。【方法】以紫色象草为研究对象,2007-2009年在广西南宁、凌云和天等参加品种比较试验,2011-2013年在海南儋州、福建福州和广东湛江参加品种区域性试验,测定其株高、干草产量、茎叶比、营养成分等综合性状,并与热研4号王草（P.purpureum×P.americanum cv.Reyan No.4）和桂闽引象草（P.purpureum Schum cv.Guiminyin）进行对比分析。【结果】紫色象草的平均株高706.54 cm,比热研4号王草、桂闽引象草分别低5.92%和8.44%;2007-2009年在广西南宁、凌云和天等3个试验点的平均干草产量为32.74±3.28 t/ha,2011-2013年在海南儋州、福建福州和广东湛江3个区域性试验点的平均干草产量为22.41±2.23 t/ha,干草产量虽然比两个对照品种低,但差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;紫色象草的茎叶比0.98∶1。与热研4号王草和桂闽引象草相比,其干物质中的粗纤维分别降低4.76%和2.78%,中性洗涤纤维降低5.07%和2.22%,酸性洗涤纤维降低2.54%和1.99%;而粗脂肪分别提高64.29%和43.75%,钙含量提高28.00%和33.33%,磷含量提高9.68%和22.73%,氨基酸总量提高43.23%和68.41%,叶片花青素含量显著提高400.00%和216.90%（P〈0.05）。【结论】紫色象草的适应性强,产草量高,营养丰富,适口性好,是饲养草食动物的优质牧草新品种,适合在我国南方地区综合开发利用。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate yield, adaptability and quality characteristics of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple to provide reference for the certification and development of new variety.【Method】By taking P. purpureum Schumab cv. Purple as experimental material, its variety comparison tests were conducted in Nanning, Lingyun, and Tiandeng in Guangxi from 2007 to 2009. And furthermore, variety regional trials were conducted in Danzhou of Hainan, Fuzhou of Fujian and Zhanjiang of Guangdong from 2011 to 2013. Meanwhile its comprehensive characters viz., plant height, hay yield, stem-leaf ratio and nutritional components were determined,and were compared with that of P. purpureum×P. americanum cv. Reyan No.4 and P. purpureum Schum cv. Guiminyin.【Result】The results showed that, the average height of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple was 706.54 cm, which was5.92% and 8.44% lower than that of P. purpureum ×P. americanum cv. Reyan No.4 and P. purpureum Schum cv.Guiminyin, respectively. The average hay yield of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple was 32.74 t/ha in Nanning,Lingyun, and Tiandeng of Guangxi from 2007 to 2009, and 22.41 t/ha in Danzhou of Hainan, Fuzhou of Fujian and Zhanjiang of Guangdong from 2011 to 2013. While its hay yield was lower than two check varieties, the difference was not significant（P〉0.05）. The stem-leaf ratio of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple was 0.98∶1. Moreover, by analysing nutritional components of its dry matter, compared with P. purpureum×P. americanum cv.Reyan No.4 and P. purpureum Schum cv. Guiminyin, the crude fiber was decreased by 4.76% and 2.78%, respectively; the neutral detergent fiber decreased by 5.07% and 2.22%, respectively; the acid detergent fiber was decreased by 2.54% and 1.99%, respectively; the crude fat was increased by 64.29% and 43.75%, respectively; the calcium content was increased by28.00% and 33.33%, respectively; the phosphorus content was increased by 9.68% and 22.73%, respectively; the total contents of amino acid was increased by 43.23% and 68.41%, respectively; the anthocyanin content of leaf was increased by 400.00% and 216.90%, respectively（P〈0.05）. 【Conclusion 】P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple is new high-quality forage variety with wide adaptability, high yield, rich nutrient and good palatability, that is appropriate for comprehensive exploitation and application in southern region of China.