探析乌桓三次南迁中的骑兵因素

An Analysis of the Cavalry Factors of Wuhuan's Three Southward Migration

北方游牧民族乌桓擅长骑射、骁勇善战。乌桓骑兵成为汉朝与匈奴争夺的对象。汉武帝时期,乌桓骑兵作为西汉的侦查部队,监视匈奴的动静。汉光武帝时期,乌桓骑兵不仅仅戍守边郡;更有一批精锐骑兵卫戍京师。东汉末年,乌桓骑兵成为割据军阀拉拢的对象。曹操大败袁绍后,进一步迁徙乌桓于内地,从此乌桓骑兵成为曹操麾下的名骑。乌桓的三次南迁是在中原王朝的主导下进行的,中原王朝对乌桓骑兵的需求是其三次南迁的直接原因。

Being good at riding and shooting,the Northern nomadic Wuhuan were brave and fierce. The Wuhuan Cavalries were contested by Han Dynasty and the Huns. In the period of Wu Emperor,the Wuhuan Cavalries were the scouting troops monitoring the movement of the Huns. During the period of Guangwu Emperor,the Wuhuan Cavalries not only guarded the border but also guarded the capital. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty,Wuhuan cavalries were drawn by warlords. Having defeated Yuan Shao,Cao Cao migrated Wuhuan to the Mainland,thus Wuhuan cavalrys became famous under the command of Cao Cao. The three southward migration of Wuhuan were led by the Central Plain government,and the Central Plains＇ demand for Wuhuan cavalries is the direct cause of its migration.