河南省非物质文化遗产时空分布特征及其影响因素

Geographical Distribution and Affecting Factors of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Henan Province

基于地理学的视角,对河南省101项国家级非物质文化遗产项目的结构、时间演变及其特征进行了梳理和分析,并通过GIS空间分析技术研究了其空间分布特征.研究表明:河南省非物质文化遗产在类型结构上以传统戏剧、民间美术和民间音乐类居多,在时间上多集中在宋元、明清时期.在空间上非物质文化遗产呈带状、团状分布,表现出非均衡性.团状分布主要在豫西北和豫中地区及豫南地区,西部呈线状、离散分布态势.在河南境内的海河、黄河流域,遗产分布密度较大,长江流域和淮河流域分布较少.影响时空分布的主要因素有人文环境、地理环境、非遗的评定标准以及区域经济发展水平.

The type structure,time evolution and characteristics of 101 items of national intangible cultural heritagesin Henan Province were analyzed based on the perspective of geography in this paper,and the spatial distributioncharacteristics were also studied by the GIS spatial analysis. Studies results showed that the intangible cultural heritagelike the traditional drama,folk art and folk music are mostly concentrated in the Song,Ming and Qing Dynasties.The intangible cultural heritage spatial distributions are linear and group shapes,which are unbalanced. The heritagesin Henan mainly distribute in the North and Middle regions,whereas only a few distribute in the Southern region,and the density of the heritage in the Yellow River and Haihe River basin are bigger than others in Henan. The numberand density of heritage in Eastern Henan are bigger than that in Western Henan,and the heritages in Western Henanare with linear and discrete distribution. The main factors affecting the heritage unbalanced distribution are thehuman environment,the geographical environment,the limitations of evaluation criteria and the regional economicdevelopment level.