康德历史哲学探微

Probe into Kant's History Philosophy

康德的批判哲学体系大厦的完成,以于1790年问世的《判断力批判》为标志,其时康德已66岁。在康德人生最后的阶段中,他的研究方向转到了"人"的问题本身,即人的历史、人的归宿,此即康德的历史哲学。在康德《历史理性批判文集》所收录的八篇论文中,康德从阐明历史本身入手,逐渐过渡到建构理想的社会形态,最后以建立一个永久和平的人类社会为终结。这一论述体系较之之前已成文的三大批判而言略显粗糙,但仍可自圆其说。康德历史哲学中对历史的阐明,是带有鲜明目的论色彩的立论,是康德历史哲学的基础,集中论述在《世界公民观点之下的普遍历史观念》一文中。

The accomplishment of Kant＇s critical philosophy system was marked by ＂Critique of Judgment＂ published in 1790 when Kant had already been 66 years old. In Kant＇s last period of life, his research direction was shifted to the issue of ＂human＂ itself, namely, the history and destiny of human, which was Kant＇s history philosophy. In the eight papers collected in Kant＇s ＂Anthology of Rational Critique of History＂, he started from elaborating history itself, and gradually moved to constructing ideal social forms, and finally ended with building a permanently peaceful human society. The elaboration system seems rough compared with the three critiques formed earlier, but it can also justify itself.The elaboration of history in Kant＇s history philosophy has distinctive color of teleology, and is the basis of Kant＇s history philosophy, concentrated in the article ＂Universal Concept of History under the View of World Citizen＂.