论民国政府少数民族教育政策的演变及其重心的转移

The Evolution of Policy and the Shift of Focus of Policy for Ethnic Minority Education in the Period of China Republic Government

民国历届中央政府出于政权统治维持和边疆国防巩固的需要,在不同的历史阶段相继出台了少数民族教育政策。这些政策主要集中在少数民族教育的质量、管理体制、经费、课程、教师和学生政策等方面。民国政府少数民族教育政策的演变分为初创、发展、成熟和消退四个阶段,并经历了一个由重视蒙藏教育到重视边疆教育、由重视优惠性政策向重视特殊性政策的演变过程。

With the intention of maintaining political control and strengthening national defense in frontier regions, successive central governments in the period of the Republic of China had issued relevant ethnic policies, educational policies and gradually definitive policies for ethnic minority education in frontier regions. These policies focused on educational quality, administrative system, expenditure, courses, teachers and students of ethnic education. The evolution of the policy could be divided into four stages ： the initial stage, the slow and tortuous stage, the ripe stage and the vanishing stage. In the development of these stages, the policy for ethnic minority education had experienced focus shifts from Mongol - Tibet education to frontier education, from preferential policies to special policies.