第29、30届奥运会中美俄“阴盛阳衰”变化趋势及项目特征分析

The Change Trend and Project Features of China America and Russia in 29^(th),30^(th) Olympic Games

运用文献资料法、数理统计法等,对中美俄三国从北京奥运会到伦敦奥运会所获奖牌进行对比分析,重点探讨三国女运动员获奖比例及所获奖牌的项目特征.结果表明:美国以田径、游泳、球类为主,中国主要集中在乒、羽、跳水等技能性项目,俄罗斯重点依靠艺体、花游、跳高等轻巧性项目.中美俄从北京到伦敦都呈现"阴盛阳衰"之趋势,金牌增幅最大的是美国,奖牌增幅最大的是俄罗斯.造成三国"阴盛阳衰"的原因主要有"女性社会角色变迁;女运动员的拼搏精神及快速崛起;男子项目竞争机制激烈,格局被瓜分明显;女子项目多极化竞争格局还未形成等."

In this paper, using the method of literature, mathematical statistics, the Sino Russia from the Beijing Olympic Games to London Olympic Games medal were analyzed, focusing on the female athletes winning percentage and the medal fea- tures. The results show that： American track and field, swimming, ball games mainly, China mainly concentrated in the ping- pong, feather, diving and other technical project, mainly rely on Russian art, spend swim, jump, light project. China America and Russia from Beijing to London are ＂Yin flourishes while Yang Declines＂trend, gold is the largest increase in American, the medal is the largest increase in russia. The cause of the three ＂Yin flourishes while Yang Declines＂ are ＂Women＇s social role change; Female athlete of the fighting spirit and rapid rise; Incentive man projict competition competition, was carve up signifi- canlty; Women＇s multi polarization competition patten has not been formed, and so on. ＂