黑龙江省高校大学生应急教育实施现状及改进策略分析

Analysis of implementation and improvement strategies of emergency preparedness education for college students in Heilongjiang province

目的了解黑龙江省高校在校大学生的应急知识水平、教育需求、高校应急教育活动开展状况以及应急教育存在的突出问题,为改进高校应急教育提供参考依据。方法采取随机分层整群抽样的方法,选取黑龙江省7所高校的1 806名在校生进行问卷调查。结果调查结果显示,大学生普遍缺乏公共卫生应急知识,平均分为（0.60±0.23）分,医学院校学生知识水平好于其他类型院校。目前学校开展的应急教育活动有限,宣传活动的学生参与率为53.8%,培训率为25.4%,演练活动参与率为39%。大学生对学校开展的应急管理和教育活动认知有限,有27%~40%的学生不了解所在学校的状况,在应急教育活动中存在学生应急意识不足、缺乏制度和资金投入、活动开展少、宣传材料趣味性差、培训重理论轻技能、演练形式化和效果不佳等诸多问题。结论大学生的应急知识有待提高,高校应注重公共卫生应急知识的宣传教育,制订综合策略,整合资源,多种形式开展应急教育,加强演练和技能训练,以提升大学生的应急意识和应急能力。

Objective To understand the prominent problems in emergency knowledge level, educational demand,implementation of emergency education activities for college students in Heilongjiang province, to offer reference for improvement of emergency preparedness education in colleges and universities. Methods 1806 students were selected by random stratified cluster sampling method, and were interviewed with a questionnaire from 7 colleges and universities in Heilongjiang province. Results Survey results show that college students generally are lack of public health emergency preparedness knowledge, and the average score is（0.60 ＋ 0.23）,among them, knowledge level of medical college students is better than other types of colleges and universities. It is limited in implementation emergency preparedness education activities. The rate of students participation in propagandization, training and practical exercise are 53.8%, 25.4%, and39% respectively. The cognition of the college students on emergency management and education activities carried out by universities is limited. 27% ~40% of the students don＇t know the situation of their universities. Emergency preparedness education still has many problems in insufficient emergency consciousness of students, the lack of regulations and investment, less activities, poor interesting promotional materials, paying more attention in theory than skills, practical exercise formalized and poor effectiveness. Conclusion Emergency knowledge of the students needs to be improved, and the universities should pay more attention to the education of public health emergency preparedness knowledge, formulate comprehensive strategies, integrate resources, carry out various measures of emergency preparedness education, strength practice and skills training to improve awareness and abilities of emergency preparedness of the students.