抗战时期陕甘宁边区粮食问题研究

A Study of Grain Problem in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Anti-Japanese War

位于黄土高原上的陕甘宁边区,粮食生产环境不算优越,但为了渡过抗战最艰难时期,中共和边区政府在增加粮食生产和保障粮食供应上做了巨大的努力。一是做最广泛的农民动员和组织劳动力,通过开垦荒地扩大耕地面积以增加粮食总量;二是规范和调整粮食管理与供给制度,最大程度的节约用粮,以保障粮食供给;三是制定限制粮食出境和用粮食酿酒,以减少粮食消耗。上述三个方面都取得了一定的成效。首先,边区的耕地面积和粮食产量都有大幅度提高。其次,通过调整政治与经济政策,建立比较合理的粮食制度,以减轻农民负担,解决了与民争食的问题。粮食问题的成功解决,成为边区渡过抗战最困难时段的首要因素之一。因此,在讨论边区自给问题时,粮食生产因素不能忽视。

Though the environment of grain production of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region located in the Loess Plateau is not very good,the CCP and the government of the Border Region,in order to bridge over the most difficult period in the Anti-Japanese War,made great endeavors to increase grain production and grain supplies:(1) They widely mobilized peasants and organized labor force to increase grain output through reclaiming wasteland and enlarging farmland:(2) They regulated and adjusted the system of grain administration and supply,and to the maximum extent saved grain to ensure grain supply;(3) They prohibited exporting of grain from the Region and usage of grain to make alcohol,with the aim of decreasing grain consumption.All of these measures obtained a good achievement.Firstly,the cultivated area and grain output in the Region were greatly increased.Secondly,the problem of competing for food with peasants was resolved through adjusting political and economic policies,and through building more reasonable grain system to lighten the burden on peasants.The successful solution of grain problem was one of the most important factors for the Region to bridge over the most difficult period during the Anti-Japanese War.Therefore,the factor of grain production should not be neglected in discussing on the problem of self-sufficiency of the Region.