哥伦比亚石油合同对比及石油政策趋势研究

A Comparison between Petroleum Contracts in Colombia and Study on Petroleum Policy Trend

自2003年哥伦比亚石油天然气管理局(ANH)成立以来,其石油区块与外国石油公司之间签订的石油合同由合作合同(Association Contract)转变为勘探生产合同(E&P Contract),哥伦比亚国家石油公司(Ecopetrol)不再参与及管理石油区块的生产作业活动,改由ANH负责管理石油作业及授予合同。从石油公司关心的合同类型变更、不同阶段的合同期及区块退还、转让和财税条款等方面,对两个不同的合同类型进行了对比研究。从条款改变方面解读了资源国政府对石油公司的政策变化,并从哥伦比亚安保局势出发,分析了近年来哥伦比亚石油政策的发展趋势。总体来看,勘探生产合同比合作合同更规范,更符合国际石油勘探开发现状,在保障合同者的投资收益、有效降低合同方的油气勘探开发风险方面有了进一步的发展和完善。JOA(联合作业协议)、财税条款及环评流程的不断优化以及石油勘探投资的不断增加,揭示了哥伦比亚政府加快其石油勘探开发工业和向拉丁美洲石油巨头目标发展的决心。

Since ANH was established in 2003 ,Colombia has ciation Contracts for its oil blocks with foreign oil companies managed production and operation activities of oil blocks.ANH and awarding contracts.This article compares the two types of switched to signing E＆P Contracts from Asso- and Ecopetrol has no longer participated in or is now responsible for managing oil operations contracts by analyzing the changes in contract types and contract terms,block refunds and transfer and fiscal terms in different stages.Based on the changes in fiscal terms,the article interprets the changes in host countries＇ policies towards oil companies and ana- lyzes the trends in Colombia＇s oil policies in recent years,starting with the country＇s security situation.Gen- eraUy,E＆P contracts are more common than Association contracts and are fitter for international oil explo- ration and production today.Such contract has improved in terms of protecting contract parties＇ investment re- turns and effectively reducing oil and gas exploration and development risks for these parties.The continuous optimization of JOAs,fiscal terms and the environmental impact assessment process and the continuous in- crease of investment in oil exploration have revealed the Colombian government＇s resolution of building its oil exploration and production industry into an oil giant in Latin America.