水平井水力喷射压裂工具研究及其在辽河油田的应用

Research and Application of Hydraulic Jetting Fracturing Technology in Horizontal Wells of Liaohe Oilfield

辽河油田部署在低渗区块的水平井需要压裂改造才能取得较好产能，这些水平井大多采用筛管方式完井，改造方式上采用施工难度与风险较小的水力喷射压裂技术。通过几年的攻关研究，根据水力喷射压裂技术的特点，以理论与试验为基础．开展了喷嘴结构设计及优化、喷嘴几何参数优化、喷嘴材质优化和喷枪结构设计等工作，选择了喷嘴流量系数高、加工简单的圆锥收敛型喷嘴，其收敛角确定为13°，圆柱段长度与喷嘴直径比在4左右，喷嘴的主要材料为复合陶瓷1，喷嘴的布置采用对称布孔方式，以相互抵消喷射力的差异，喷枪截面采用能有效增加枪体与套管环空间隙流动面积的六菱形截面，据此完成了整个水力喷射压裂井下工具的研制，形成了水平井水力喷射压裂技术。该技术2011～2014年底在辽河油田现场累计应用14井次，累计增油3．52×105，水力喷射压裂井下工具效果和寿命满足现场施工要求，为低渗区块储量的有效动用提供了技术支持。

The horizontal wells in the low permeability blocks of Liaohe oilfield should be fractured for get- ting high productivity.Because most of them are completed by screen pipe ,hydraulic jetting fracturing is available to well reformation for its less difficulty and risk in the process of operation.Mter the research in re- cent years ,design or optimization was made on structure,geometric parameter and material of the nozzle and jet gun structure based on theories and tests according to the technical features of the hydraulic jetting fracturing.Cone convergence nozzle with high discharge coefficient and simple process is selected.Its convergence angle is fixed as 13°.The ratio of cylinder length and nozzle diameter is about 4.Main material of the nozzle is composite ceramics 1.The holes at the nozzle are symmetric sure each other.Hexagon cross section is on the jet gun for e casing annular clearance.So downhole tools for the hydraulic hydraulic jetting fracturing technology is formed.It was applied 104t of oil was increased cumulatively.Effect and working life so as to counteract the difference of jet pres- nlarging the flow area between the holder and jetting fracturing are developed completely.The for 14 well-times in Liaohe oilfleld,and 3.52×10^4f of the developed downhole tools totally meet the requirements of the field application.It will provide technical support and guarantee for efficient producing of the reserves in the low permeability blocks.