我院急诊患者流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of emergency patients in our hospital

目的了解天津地区综合性医院急诊患者流行病学特点。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对2013年1月1日~12月31日在天津医科大学总医院急诊医学科就诊患者的性别、年龄、就诊时间、就诊科室、急诊诊断或主诉等进行调查统计分析。结果采用信息完整的急诊患者116 942例,占全年急诊患者95.96%,男女比例为0.84∶1;外科性质科室中,男女比例为1.34∶1;就诊患者高峰年龄组为20~29、30~39、50~59岁;8、10、12月就诊患者最多,节假、双休日日均较全年日均就诊患者数显著增多;排名前三的急诊科室为内科（49.92%）、神经内科（10.09%）、外科（7.62%）;每天以17∶00~24∶00就诊患者居多,占全天患者总数44.28%,高峰时段出现在20：00~22：00;报告了前40种急诊诊断,前五位依次是创伤、上呼吸道感染及气管-支气管炎、腹痛、发热、头晕或伴心慌呕吐。结论根据流行病学特点,合理分配急诊资源,在重点时段、重点科室间加强人员安排;须进一步完善急诊创伤救治系统;重视对症状学的鉴别诊断,有针对性地对急诊医生进行常见病种培训以提高救治水平。

Objective To know the epidemiological characters of emergency patients in general hospital in Tianjin region. Methods Clinical data like gender,age,visiting time,department,diagnosis or chief complaints on these emergency patients in our department from 1stJanuary to 31 stDecember in 2013 were investigated and calculated in Tianjin medical university general hospital by retrospective analysis. Results Complete data in 116 942 emergency patients were adopted accounting for 95.96%.The ratio of male to female was 0.84∶1.In the branched surgical department,the ratio of male to female was 1.34∶1.The peak age groups among these patients were 20-29,30-39,50-59 years old.August,October,December were the peak period on doctor visiting.The average daily number of patients in holidays and festivals,and weekends was much higher than that in the average daily of the whole year.The top three places of emergent departments were internal medicine（49.92%）,neurology（10.09%）,and surgery（7.62%）.Patients visiting doctors at 17 ∶00 to24 ∶00 every day took the most,accounting for 44.28% compared with patients in a whole day.Peak hour usually occurred at 20：00-22：00.The top 40 emergency diagnosis were reported,and the top 5 ones were trauma,upper respiratory infection,tracheobronchitis,abdominal pain,fever,dizziness-accompanying with heart palpitation and vomiting. Conclusion According to epidemiological characters,emergency resources should be reasonably allocated and personnel placement should be strengthened at peak periods and key departments.The emergency trauma rescue system needs further improvement.Attaching great importance on differential diagnosis of symptomatology and targeted training of common diseases on emergency physicians are necessary so as to improve the rescue level.