光质对夏玉米产量和子粒蛋白质含量的影响

Effects of Light Quality on Yield and Grain Protein of Summer Maize

以郑单958为试验材料,在夏玉米吐丝后5 d至吐丝后35 d,分别用白色、黑色、红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色的聚乙烯透明食品袋将雌穗完全套住,同时设置不套袋处理(CK),研究灌浆期雌穗照射不同颜色的光对夏玉米产量和子粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,套袋处理显著增加了穗粒数,红袋和蓝袋对穗粒数的增加作用更显著;黑袋抑制粒重的增加,白袋、黄袋、绿袋显著促进粒重的增加;不同颜色的光对穗部性状都有改善作用,绿袋、白袋、红袋、蓝袋分别对穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数的促进作用显著,白袋对子粒败育的抑制作用显著;红袋和蓝袋使子粒的体积分别增加18.8%、27.6%,其余处理抑制了子粒体积的增加;白袋、红袋、黄袋、绿袋、蓝袋增加了子粒的蛋白质含量,黑袋抑制子粒对氮素的吸收和蛋白质的合成。改变灌浆期照射雌穗的光质可以改善穗部性状,减少子粒败育,促进对子粒对氮素的吸收,从而实现产量的增加和品质的改善。

The ears were packed completely with white, black, red, yellow, green, blue food bags from 5 days af-ter silking（DAS） to 35 DAS, with CK. The effects of different colors light illuminating ear on yield and grain proteinof summer maize during grain filling stage were studied. The results showed that compared with the CK, all the treat-ments significantly increased kernel number, especially red and blue bag; dark limited increment in grain weight,white, yellow, green bag significant enhanced grain weight; different colors light improved ear traits, green（white,red, blue） bag increased in ear length（ear diameter, number of rows, kernels per row）, and white bag significant re-duced grain abortion; red（blue） bag increased grain volume by 18.8%（27.6%）, other treatments limited increment ingrain volume; white, red, yellow, green, blue bag enhanced grain protein, but dark hindered absorption of nitrogenand protein synthesis in grain. Therefore, the change of light quality illuminating ear during grain filling stage im-proved ear traits, reduces grain abortion and increase in grain nitrogen, enhancing yield and improving grain quality.