婚姻自传体记忆的数量特征:时间与依恋风格的影响

Quantitative Characteristics of Marital Autobiographical Memory: Effects of Time and Attachment Style

在北京社区方便取样,共招募有效被试599名,平均年龄为67.50±5.1岁,平均婚龄为41.9±6.5年。要求被试完成限时5分钟的自传体记忆快速提取访谈和《老年人夫妻依恋问卷》。从时间分布、情绪效价和依恋风格的影响几个方面考察了老年人婚姻相关自传体记忆的数量特征。研究结果发现:(1)老年人提取的积极婚姻自传体记忆事件的时间分布曲线近似U型,存在新婚效应和近期效应;消极事件的分布则不存在近期效应;(2)被试回忆的总积极事件数显著大于消极事件数,从新婚期到空巢期各婚姻阶段的积极事件数也都显著大于消极事件数,即在婚姻自传体记忆的提取中,老年人对积极事件存在偏好;(3)依恋风格不同的个体在婚姻自传体记忆的数量上存在差异:依恋风格为安全型、专注型和冷漠型的个体回忆的积极事件均显著多于消极事件,恐惧型个体则无显著差异。

Convenient sampling is used in communities of Beijing and 599 participants were recruited（mean age=67.50±5.1 years, mean marriage time--41.9±6.5 years） . They were required to complete a 5-minute quick-memory-recall inter- view of autobiographical memory and the Older Adults＇ Marital Attachment Scale. Quantitative characteristics of marital autobiographical memory were explored from the impacts of time distribution, emotional valence and attach- ment style. Results showed that： 1） The distribution of positive marital autobiographical memory over family life cy- cle among older adults shows an approximately U-shaped curve, indicating that there exists newly marriage effect and recency effect. However, the distribution of negative marital autobiographical memory doesn＇t show recency ef- fect; 2） The number of positive events recalled by the old adults is greater than negative ones, indicating a ＂posi- tivity preference＂ of old adults in marital autobiographical memory; 3） Attachment style may have an effect on quantitative characteristics of marital autobiographical memory： individuals with secure, preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles all report more positive events than negative ones, whereas there is no difference between the number of positive events and negative events for individuals with fearful attachment style.