如何面对“委托与独立之争”?——密尔与皮特金的代表理论回应及其分析

How to Deal with the Debate between Entrustment and Independence: A Response to and Analysis of the Representative Theory of John S. Mill and Hanna F. Pitkin

代表理论中的"委托与独立之争"是每一个代表理论家与政治实践者必然会面对的争论。密尔试图通过"代表的范围"的确定,皮特金试图以"自主性"的保存来回应这一争论。这为"委托与独立之争"的思考提供了思路,但并未能从根本上解决这一争论。通过对两位理论家的代表观的分析,本文指出,转换对这一争论的思考视角,通过对政治事务来分类以确定代表与选民之间的关系,可能是一种超越这一张力的方式。

The＂entrustment-independence debate＂in the representative theory has become an unavoidable problem for every representative theorist and political practitioner in this field. To respond to that debate,Mill tried to define the range of the representative and Pitkin tried to argue with the preservation of the autonomy. But the debates are not settled by them. Through analyzing the representative theory of those two theorists,this article tries to make a conversion of perspective,that is to say,redefining the relationship between the representative and constituency by classifying the political affairs,which may be a way to overcome the tension within the debate.