牙龈卟啉单胞菌相关牙周炎疫苗有效免疫原及其途径和佐剂

Effective immunogen and injection route of periodontitis vaccine related to Porphyromonas gingivalis and adjuvants

牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞表面的多种抗原可诱导机体产生保护性免疫应答,阻止牙龈卟啉单胞菌定植和感染,因此选择合适的牙龈卟啉单胞菌有效免疫原作为疫苗候选抗原来防治牙周炎具有重要的研究价值。牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞膜上的菌毛蛋白、牙龈蛋白、血凝蛋白、外膜蛋白、被膜蛋白和热休克蛋白等多种表面抗原,皆有可能成为牙龈卟啉单胞菌相关牙周炎疫苗有效免疫原。牙周炎疫苗研究常用的免疫途径有腺体免疫、黏膜免疫、皮下接种和肌肉注射等,学者们普遍认为,黏膜免疫应该成为牙周炎疫苗免疫的主要方式。另外,牙周炎疫苗中使用佐剂可刺激机体产生免疫应答,增强抗原免疫原性。在未来的牙周炎疫苗研究中,应该结合牙龈卟啉单胞菌的多种特异性抗原找到各血清型牙龈卟啉单胞菌共同的抗原决定簇,结合其他牙周致病菌的有效免疫原及选择最有效的免疫途径和使用抗原呈递和佐剂系统。

Multiple antigens on the surface of Porphyromonas gingivalis（P.gingivalis） can induce the body to confer protective immunity and prevent bacterial colonization and infection. Therefore, selection of a suitable and effective immunogen of P.gingivalis is important to prevent periodontitis. Multiple antigens of P.gingivalis include fimbria, gingipain, hemagglutinin, outer membrane protein, capsule, and heat shock protein. These antigens can be effective immunogens of a vaccine against periodontitis. Gland immune, mucosal immune, subcutaneous injection, and muscle injection are common methods for administering the vaccine. Mucosal immune is generally accepted as the main administration method of the periodontitis vaccine. The use of adjuvants in the periodontitis vaccine can also stimulate immune responses and enhance antigen immunogenicity. Future research on vaccines against periodontitis should combine the vaccine with various antigens of P.gingivalis. Through this method, scholars can determine the common antigens of each serotype, associate the effective immunogens of other periodontal pathogens, and select the most effective immune pathway and antigen-presenting adjuvants.