左翼民族价值观与阶级价值观的整合——1936年春夏之交的“国防文学”论争

The Integration of National Values and Class Values in the Left Wing Literature: the Debate on “National Defense Literature” in 1936

阶级正义和民族正义是中国左翼革命文学价值观念演变悖论性的两个方面。1936年左翼文学内部爆发的"国防文学"论争,涉及的主要有四方:周扬、鲁迅和中国托派以及冯雪峰等。周扬提出"国防文学"的口号,主张泛民族统一战线;鲁迅则坚持革命者在抗战中的阶级斗争立场;中国托派则主张阶级的独立抗战,反对国防政府;而冯雪峰在个人主张上与鲁迅有着相似性,但基于自己特殊的身份,充当了周扬与鲁迅主张的调解者,将"民族革命战争的大众文学"的口号在阐释上向"国防文学"趋同。在论争中,他们彼此指责对方为"汉奸"、"内奸",而自命为"爱国者"、"革命者"。从总体上来说,这是左翼的阶级价值观与民族价值观的第一次冲突也是第一次整合。正是通过这次论争,民族价值观最终实现了与左翼阶级价值观的融合,也使得左翼革命文学单一的阶级价值发生了结构性嬗变,成为阶级—民族的双核结构。

Class justice and national justice are the two aspects of paradoxical evolution of the value idea of Chinese Left Wing literature.In 1936,there broke out a debate on'national defense literature'within the Left Wing literary group,and four sides were involved,led by Zhou Yang,Lu Xun,the Chinese Trotskyites,and Feng Xuefeng.Zhou Yang proposed a slogan of'national defense literature',and advocated pan-national united front;Lu Xun insisted the revolutionists holding the position of class struggle;the Chinese Trotskyites advocated independent resistance,and opposed the national defense government;and Feng Xuefeng bore similarity to Lu Xun in personal opinion,but he acted as a mediator between Zhou Yang and Lu Xun based on his special identity,and made convergence of'popular literature of national revolution'to 'national defense literature'.In the debate,they blamed each other to be'traitor'or'mole',while regarded themselves as'patriot'and'revolutionist'.Generally speaking,it was the first conflict between as well as first integrity of national values and class values in the Left Wing literature.It was through the debate that the national values finally fused with the class values,and made structural change of the single class values in the Left Wing literature to dual core of'class-nationality'.