藏医学药用唇形科植物药材品种与标准整理

Analysis of varieties and standards of labiatae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine

对藏医学中药用唇形科植物的品种、基原及标准状况进行了分析整理。结果表明,相关文献记载的藏医学药用的唇形科植物共有21属71种(含变种),涉及44个药材品种,其中与中药交叉使用的品种7个,约占9.9%;在我国现行各级药材标准中收载的药材品种19个,约占43%;涉及的其原植物有27种,约占38%。在藏药的标准和文献中,药材的藏文名称和藏文音译汉文名称用字以及其原植物物种存在着较大的差异。除少数几种与中药材交叉使用的品种在《中国药典》中有比较完善的标准规定外,而在《部颁标准·藏药分册》、《藏药标准》及地方标准中收载的品种仅有性状、显微或理化鉴别等项规定,标准极不完善。通过文献考证、资源和使用现状调查,结合现代药学研究推动藏药材的品种-其原规范、质量标准体系建立是当前迫切需要开展的工作。

In this paper, an analysis was made on the varieties and standards of labiatae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine. The results showed 71 species of labiatae plants in 21 genera （including varieties） recorded in relevant literatures, involving 44 varieties of medicinal materials. Specifically, seven species （9.9%） were intersected with traditional Chinese medicines （TCM）, 19 varieties （43%） were recorded in Chinese medicinal material standards at all levels, and 27 species （38%） were source plants. In Tibetan medicine standards and literatures, there are great differences between Tibetan names and translated Chinese names and among varieties of source plants. Apart from a few of varieties intersected with traditional Chinese medicines had complete standards and regulations in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, most of species only had characters, microscopic, physical and chemical identifications in Standards Issued by Ministry of Health-Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Standard and local standards. Therefore, the Tibetan medicinal material variety-source specification and quality standard system shall be promoted on the basis of literatures research, investigations for resources and current applications and modern pharmaceutical studies.